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Windows 7 is a version of Microsoft Windows , a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers , tablets, etc. Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, , and reached general retail availability on October 22, , less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server R2 , was released at the same time. On October 26, , Windows 7 was superseeded by Windows 8. However, as Windows 8 introduces significant changes in the user interface and is optimized for touch-screen devices.
Windows 7 was purchasable until , and ended support on January 14, Unlike Windows Vista , which introduced a large number of new features, Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line, with the goal of being compatible with applications and hardware with which Windows Vista was already compatible. Presentations given by Microsoft in focused on multi-touch support, a redesigned Windows shell with a new taskbar , referred to as the Superbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup, and performance improvements.
Some standard applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft Windows, including Windows Calendar , Windows Mail , Windows Movie Maker , and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7; most are instead offered separately at no charge as part of the Windows Live Essentials suite. When the action center flag is clicked on, it lists all security issues in a small popup window.
Windows 7 includes a number of new features, such as advances in touch and handwriting recognition, support for virtual hard disks, improved performance on multi-core processors, improved boot performance, DirectAccess, and kernel improvements. Windows 7 adds support for systems using multiple heterogeneous graphics cards from different vendors Heterogeneous Multi-adapter , a new version of Windows Media Center , a Gadget for Windows Media Center, improved media features, the XPS Essentials Pack and Windows PowerShell being included, and a redesigned Calculator with multiline capabilities including Programmer and Statistics modes along with unit conversion for length, weight, temperature, and several others.
Readyboost on 32bit editions now supports up to Gigabytes of extra allocation. The default setting for User Account Control in Windows 7 has been criticized for allowing untrusted software to be launched with elevated privileges without a prompt by exploiting a trusted application.
Microsoft's Windows kernel engineer Mark Russinovich acknowledged the problem, but noted that malware can also compromise a system when users agree to a prompt.
Windows 7 also supports images in RAW image format through the addition of Windows Imaging Component-enabled image decoders, which enables raw image thumbnails, previewing and metadata display in Windows Explorer, plus full-size viewing and slideshows in Windows Photo Viewer and Windows Media Center.
The taskbar has seen the biggest visual changes, where the Quick Launch toolbar has been replaced with the ability to pin applications to the taskbar. Buttons for pinned applications are integrated with the task buttons.
These buttons also enable the Jump Lists feature to allow easy access to common tasks. The revamped taskbar also allows the reordering of taskbar buttons. To the far right of the system clock is a small rectangular button that serves as the Show desktop icon.
This button is part of the new feature in Windows 7 called Aero Peek. Hovering over this button makes all visible windows transparent for a quick look at the desktop. In touch-enabled displays such as touch screens, tablet PCs, etc. Clicking this button minimizes all windows, and clicking it a second time restores them.
Additionally, there is a feature named Aero Snap , that automatically maximizes a window when it is dragged to the top of the screen. When a user moves windows that were maximized using Aero Snap, the system restores their previous state automatically. This functionality is also accomplished with keyboard shortcuts. Unlike in Windows Vista , window borders and the taskbar do not turn opaque when a window is maximized with Windows Aero applied.
Instead, they remain translucent. Microsoft has also implemented better support for solid state drives, including the new TRIM command and Windows 7 is able to identify a solid-state drive uniquely. Microsoft is planning to support USB 3. Windows 7 includes the new Internet Explorer 9 and Users are also able to disable many more Windows components than was possible in Windows Vista. Furthermore, Windows 7 supports the mounting of a virtual hard disk VHD as a normal data storage, and the bootloader delivered with Windows 7 can boot the Windows system from a VHD; however, this ability is only available in the Enterprise and Ultimate editions.
The Remote Desktop Protocol RDP of Windows 7 is also enhanced to support real-time multimedia application including video playback and 3D games, thus allowing use of DirectX 10 in remote desktop environments. The three application limit, previously present in the Windows Vista Starter Edition, has been removed from Windows 7. Certain capabilities and programs that were a part of Windows Vista are no longer present or have been changed, resulting in the removal of certain functionalities.
Four applications bundled with Windows Vista — Windows Photo Gallery , Windows Movie Maker , Windows Calendar and Windows Mail — are not included with Windows 7, but applications with close functionality are instead available for free in a separate package called Windows Live Essentials which can be downloaded on the Microsoft website.
Although Windows Ultimate Extras was removed, many of the extras can be installed separately. InkBall may also be installed into Windows 7. Major features were planned for Blackcomb, including an emphasis on searching and querying data and an advanced storage system named WinFS to enable such scenarios.
However, an interim, minor release, codenamed " Longhorn ," was announced for , delaying the development of Blackcomb. By the middle of , however, Longhorn had acquired some of the features originally intended for Blackcomb.
After three major viruses exploited flaws in Windows operating systems within a short time period in , Microsoft changed its development priorities, putting some of Longhorn's major development work on hold while developing new service packs for Windows XP and Windows Server Development of Longhorn Windows Vista was also restarted, and thus delayed, in August A number of features were cut from Longhorn.
Blackcomb was renamed Vienna in early and would soon be cancelled due to its scope [7] and replaced with a new project, Windows Codename "7" in In , it was announced that Windows 7 would also be the official name of the operating system.
There has been some confusion over naming the product Windows 7, while versioning it as 6. The first external release to select Microsoft partners came in January with Milestone 1 , build Copies of Windows 7 build were distributed at the end of the conference; however, the demonstrated taskbar was disabled in this build. According to a performance test by ZDNet, Windows 7 Beta beat both Windows XP and Vista in several key areas; including boot and shutdown time and working with files, such as loading documents.
Other areas did not beat XP; including PC Pro benchmarks for typical office activities and video editing, which remain identical to Vista and slower than XP. On January 7, , the bit version of the Windows 7 Beta build was leaked onto the web, with some torrents being infected with a trojan. The Beta was to be publicly released January 9, , and Microsoft initially planned for the download to be made available to 2.
However, access to the downloads was delayed because of high traffic. The download limit was also extended, initially until January 24, then again to February People who did not complete downloading the beta had two extra days to complete the download.
After February 12, unfinished downloads became unable to complete. Users could still obtain product keys from Microsoft to activate their copies of Windows 7 Beta, which expired on August 1, On May 5, it became available to the general public, although it had also been leaked onto the Internet via BitTorrent.
The release candidate was available in five languages and expired on June 1, , with shutdowns every two hours starting March 1, Microsoft stated that Windows 7 would be released to the general public on October 22, Microsoft announced that Windows 7, along with Windows Server R2 , was released to manufacturing on July 22, Windows 7 RTM is build An estimated developers worked on Windows 7.
These were broadly divided into "core operating system" and "Windows client experience", in turn organized into 25 teams of around 40 developers on average. Bill Gates , in an interview with Newsweek , suggested that this version of Windows would be more "user-centric".
Gates later said that Windows 7 would also focus on performance improvements. Steven Sinofsky later expanded on this point, explaining in the Engineering Windows 7 blog that the company was using a variety of new tracing tools to measure the performance of many areas of the operating system on an ongoing basis, to help locate inefficient code paths and to help prevent performance regressions.
Senior Vice President Bill Veghte stated that Windows Vista users migrating to Windows 7 would not find the kind of device compatibility issues they encountered migrating from Windows XP. Windows 7 received critical acclaim, with critics noting the increased usability and functionality when compared with its predecessor, Windows Vista. PC Magazine rated it a 4 out of 5 saying that Windows 7 is a "big improvement" over Windows Vista, with fewer compatibility problems, a retooled taskbar, simpler home networking and faster start-up.
Maximum PC gave Windows 7 a rating of 9 out of 10 and called Windows 7 a "massive leap forward" in usability and security, and praised the new Taskbar as "worth the price of admission alone. PC World also named Windows 7 one of the best products of the year. In its review of Windows 7, Engadget said that Microsoft had taken a "strong step forward" with Windows 7 and reported that speed is one of Windows 7's major selling points—particularly for the netbook sets. Laptop Magazine gave Windows 7 a rating of 4 out of 5 stars and said that Windows 7 makes computing more intuitive, offered better overall performance including a "modest to dramatic" increase in battery life on laptop computers.
TechRadar gave Windows 7 a rating of 5 out of 5 stars, concluding that "it combines the security and architectural improvements of Windows Vista with better performance than XP can deliver on today's hardware. No version of Windows is ever perfect, but Windows 7 really is the best release of Windows yet. Some Windows Vista Ultimate users have expressed concerns over Windows 7 pricing and upgrade options. The changes to User Account Control on Windows 7 were criticized for being potentially insecure, as an exploit was discovered allowing untrusted software to be launched with elevated privileges by exploiting a trusted component.
Peter Bright of Ars Technica argued that "the way that the Windows 7 UAC 'improvements' have been made completely exempts Microsoft's developers from having to do that work themselves. With Windows 7, it's one rule for Redmond, another one for everyone else.
As with other Microsoft operating systems, Windows 7 is being studied by United States federal regulators who oversee the company's operations following the United States v. Microsoft settlement. According to status reports filed, the three-member panel began assessing prototypes of the new operating system in February Michael Gartenberg , an analyst at Jupiter Research said that, "[Microsoft's] challenge for Windows 7 will be how can they continue to add features that consumers will want that also don't run afoul of regulators.
In order to comply with European antitrust regulations, Microsoft has proposed the use of a "ballot" screen, allowing users to download a competing browser, thus removing the need for a version of Windows completely without Internet Explorer, as previously planned. In response to criticism involving Windows 7 E and concerns from manufacturers about possible consumer confusion if a version of Windows 7 with Internet Explorer were shipped later after one without Internet Explorer, Microsoft announced that it would scrap the separate version for Europe and ship the standard upgrade and full packages worldwide.
As with the previous version of Windows, an N version, which does not come with Windows Media Player , has been released in Europe, but only for sale directly from Microsoft sales websites and selected others. All editions support the IA processor architecture and all editions except Starter support the x processor architecture.
The installation medium is the same for all the consumer editions of Windows 7 that have the same processor architecture, with the license determining the features that are activated; license upgrades permit the subsequent unlocking of features without re-installation of the operating system.
Users who wish to upgrade to an edition of Windows 7 with more features can then use Windows Anytime Upgrade to purchase the upgrade, and unlock the features of those editions. Some copies of Windows 7 have restrictions, in which it must be distributed, sold, or bought and activated in the geographical region specified in its front cover box. Microsoft is offering a family pack of Windows 7 Home Premium in select markets that allows installation on up to three PCs.
On September 18, , Microsoft said they were to offer temporary student discounts for Windows 7. Students with a valid. Windows 7 is also currently available as an embedded version to developers previously Windows Embedded The different editions of Windows 7 have been designed and marketed toward people with different needs.
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